This book targets development of efficient parallel computational methods for different scientific and technical applications. Readers who wish to design and implement efficient solutions on parallel and distributed computer systems are given insight into the theory of the computational methods through practical application being emphasized throughout. Features: Discusses development of algorithms for different applications plus other aspects related to parallel numerical solution of PDEs (e.g. grid refinement). Considers other numerical applications such as data retrieval by linear algebra approach and quasi Monte-Carlo methods. Covers molecular dynamics, computational quantum physics, analysis of bio-signals and image and video coding. Chapters overviews and conclusions with a discussion on future work. This concise volume provides the state-of-the-art in parallel and distributed computing, and is a must-read for practitioners, researchers and graduate students.