Malware attacks are increasing both in frequency and sophistication, thus posing a serious threat to the Internet economy and to national security. This book is a first step toward addressing the threat of malware in a comprehensive, global manner. It informs readers about malware -- its growth, evolution and countermeasures to combat it; presents new research into the economic incentives driving cyber-security decisions; and makes specific suggestions on how the international community can better work together to address the problem. Table of Content : Executive Summary Background PART I. THE SCOPE OF MALWARE Chapter 1. An Overview of Malware Chapter 2. Malware Attacks: Why, When and How? Chapter 3. Malware: Why Should We Be Concerned? PART II.THE ECONOMICS OF MALWARE Chapter 4. Cybersecurity and Economic Incentives Chapter 5. Survey of Market Participants: What Drives Their Security Decisions? Chapter 6. The Market Consequences of Cybersecurity: Defining Externalities and Ways to Address Them Chapter 7. The Role of End Users, Business and Government Chapter 8. What Is Already Being Done? Chapter 9. Possible Next Steps Annex A. Background Data on Malware Annex B. Research Design for Economic of Malware Annex C. A Framework for Studying the Economics of Malware Bibliography